PAL

Ptolemaeus Arabus et Latinus

_ (the underscore) is the placeholder for exactly one character.
% (the percent sign) is the placeholder for no, one or more than one character.
%% (two percent signs) is the placeholder for no, one or more than one character, but not for blank space (so that a search ends at word boundaries).

At the beginning and at the end, these placeholders are superfluous.

إلى خلاف ‘in the opposite direction’

Arabic

References: Alm. MS Leiden: f. 5v
Translation of:
Greek: εἰς τὰ ἐναντία [Alm. Heiberg: I.8, 29:1]
Synonyms:
على خلاف [Alm. MS Tunis: ]